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Productivity & Collaboration

Design an Enterprise Email System (Gmail clone)

A high-volume mail platform handling SMTP ingestion, spam filtering, and full-text search across mailboxes at massive per-user storage scale.

Open and Simulate this Architecture in InfraDraft

Core Architectural Components

SMTP Ingestion/Relay Service

Accepts inbound mail and routes outbound mail per standard SMTP.

Spam/Phishing Filtering Pipeline

Scores and filters incoming mail before it reaches an inbox.

Mailbox Storage Service

Per-user partitioned storage designed for enormous individual mailbox sizes.

Full-Text Search Indexing Service

Makes years of mail instantly searchable.

Attachment Object Storage

Stores large attachments separately from message metadata.

Label/Thread Organization Service

Groups related messages and applies user/auto labels.

IMAP/API Sync Protocol Layer

Keeps multiple clients (web, mobile, desktop) in sync.

Delivery Retry & Bounce Handling

Manages outbound delivery failures per SMTP semantics.